Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone, designed to mimic the hormone’s effects in the body. They possess two primary biological action.Anabolic effects – promote protein synthesis, muscle growth, and tissue repair.Androgenic effects – develop and maintain male secondary sexual characteristics (voice depth, body hair, libido).Mechanism of Action

Bind to androgen receptors in muscle and other tissues

Enhance nitrogen retention, protein synthesis, and muscle fiber growth

Influence gene transcription, affecting metabolism and cell development.Medical Uses

AAS have legitimate clinical applications, such as:

Treating hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency)

Supporting delayed puberty in males

Managing muscle-wasting conditions (e.g., some anemias, severe chronic illness).Non-medical Use

Outside medical supervision, AAS are sometimes misused for:

Increasing muscle mass and strength

Enhancing athletic performance

Altering physique aesthetics.Health and Safety Considerations

Misuse of AAS can cause significant risks:

Cardiovascular issues (hypertension, altered cholesterol, cardiac enlargement)

Hormonal disruptions (infertility, testicular atrophy, menstrual irregularities)

Liver stress, especially with oral alkylated forms

Psychological effects (mood swings, aggression, dependency)

Long-term or high-dose use increases these risks.Legal and Anti-Doping Status

Classified as controlled substances in many countries

Universally prohibited by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency)

Positive tests can lead to suspensions, sanctions, or legal consequences.Examples of Common AAS

Testosterone esters (e.g., enanthate, cypionate)

Nandrolone derivatives

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) derivatives

Boldenone and its esters (like Boldenone Acetate)